Biyan B2B Iyakar Ƙasa Afirka — Jagora ga Masu Shigo Najeriya

Hakikanin Biyan Kasuwanci na Iyakar Ƙasa a Najeriya

Kasuwannin Najeriya suna shigo da kayayyaki masu daraja sama da dollar biliyan 50 a kowace shekara. China kaɗai ke da kusan 30% na jimillar shigo na Najeriya, sai EU, India, da Amurka. Duk da haka, tsarin biyan mai samar da kayan waje ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin sassan da suka fi muni a kasuwanci na shigo da kaya a Najeriya.

Wayoyin banki na gargajiya suna ɗaukar kwana 3 zuwa 7 na aiki. Ƙarin farashin canji na iya ƙarawa 3-5% akan farashin CBN. Buƙatun takardu suna da yawa kuma suna canzawa akai-akai. Yawancin ƙananan masu shigo da kaya da na matsakaici suna rasa dubban dollar a kowace turanwa zuwa hanyoyin biya marasa inganci da suka karɓa kawai a matsayin kuɗin yin kasuwanci.

Wannan jagora tana tafiya ta cikakken zagaye na biyan ga masu shigo da kayan Najeriya, ta amfani da yanayin zahiri na duniya, kuma ta bayyana yadda dandali na biyan dijital ke magance matsalolin da bankuna ba su yi ba.

Yanayin Zahiri: Shigar Kayan Lantarki daga Guangzhou

Yi la'akari da mai rarraba kayan lantarki da ke Lagos — bari mu kira su TechHub Nigeria — yana shigo da wayoyin zamani da kayan haɗi daga mai samar da kaya a Guangzhou, China. Umurnin yana da daraja $25,000 (kusan CNY 180,000). Ga yadda gabaɗayan biyan ya tafi.

Mataki na 1: Umurnin Saye da Yarjejeniyar Farashi

TechHub yana aika umurnin saye zuwa mai samar da Sinanci yana ƙayyade adadi, farashi na kashi (a USD ko CNY), sharuɗɗan jigilar (yawanci FOB Guangzhou ko CIF Lagos), da sharuɗɗan biya. Yawancin masu samar da Sinanci da ke ma'amala da masu siye na Afirka suna buƙatar ɗaya daga cikin tsarin biya uku:

1. 100% biyan gaba (mai yawa ga sabbin alaƙa ƙasa da $10,000)
2. 30/70 raba: 30% ajiya kafin samarwa, 70% ma'auni kafin jigila
3. Wasiƙar Bashi (LC): biyan banki da aka tabbatar, yawanci ga umarnin sama da $50,000

Don umurnin $25,000 tare da mai samar da kaya da aka kafa, raba 30/70 ya fi yawa. TechHub yana buƙatar aika $7,500 a gaba da $17,500 lokacin da kayayyaki suna shirye don jigila.

Mataki na 2: Takardun Tsari (Buƙatun CBN)

Kafin yin kowace turanwa ta waje don shigo, kasuwannin Najeriya dole su bi ƙa'idodin Babban Bankin Najeriya (CBN):

Form M (Sanarwar Shigo): Ana buƙata don duk shigo sama da $10,000. An shigar da shi ta hanyar bankin dillali mai izini, Form M yana tattara yanayin kayayyaki, ƙima, bayanan mai samarwa, da sharuɗɗan jigilar. Dole a yarda da fom kafin a sarrafa biya. Lokacin sarrafawa: kwana 2-5 na aiki ta hanyar banki, kodayake wasu jinkiri suna kaiwa makonni 2.

Pro-forma invoice: Mai samar da Sinanci yana bayar da pro-forma invoice da mai shigo da kayan Najeriya yake haɗawa zuwa Form M. Wannan invoice dole ya yi daidai da na ƙarshe na kasuwanci a cikin bambanci da aka karɓa (yawanci 10%).

Rabe-raben Harajin Shigo: Ana rabu da kayayyaki ƙarƙashin Lambar Tsarin Daidaitacce (HS). Sassan kayan lantarki suna jawo kuɗin shigo daga 5% zuwa 20% dangane da takamaiman ɓangaren samfuri. TechHub ya kamata ya tabbatar da lambar HS da kuɗin haraji kafin ya yi umurnin.

Rahoton Kimar Kafin Isa (PAAR): Ana buƙata ta Sashen Kwastam na Najeriya (NCS) don duk shigo. Ana samar da wannan bayan an yarda da Form M kuma yana ba da kuɗin haraji da haraji da za a biya.

Mataki na 3: Yin Biyan

A nan ne zaɓin hanyar biya yana da babbar tasiri akan kuɗi, sauri, da haɗari.

#### Zaɓi A: Wayar Banki ta Gargajiya (Turanwar SWIFT)

TechHub yana shiga bankinsu tare da Form M da aka yarda, pro-forma invoice, da takardun kamfani. Bankin yana sarrafa wayar canjin ta hanyar sadarwar SWIFT.

Abin da yake faruwa da gaske:

1. Bankin TechHub yana cire asusun naira nasu a farashin sayar da banki (yawanci 2-4% sama da farashin hukuma)
2. Bankin yana tafiyar da biyan ta hanyar bankin USD correspondent (yawanci a New York)
3. Bankin correspondent yana tafiyar da shi zuwa bankin mai samar da Sinanci
4. Kowane mai shiga tsakani yana cire kuɗaɗe a hanya
5. Mai samarwa yana karɓar kuɗaɗen kwana 3-7 na aiki bayan, ƙasa da kowane caji na mai shiga tsakani

Ainihin rabewar kuɗi don ajiyar $7,500 ta wayar banki:

1. Kuɗin canjin banki: $35-50 (mai fadi)
2. Ƙarin farashin canji: 3% sama da tsakiyar kasuwa = $225
3. Kuɗin sadarwar SWIFT: $15-25
4. Cajin bankin tsakani: $15-30 (an cire daga adadin canji)
5. Jimillar kuɗin tasiri: $290-330 kowace turanwa

Don cikakken umurnin $25,000 (biya biyu), jimillar kuɗin banki ya wuce $600.

#### Zaɓi B: Wasiƙar Bashi

Wasiƙun bashi suna ba da tsaron biya ga mai siye da mai sayarwa amma suna da tsada da sauri. Bankin da ke ba da rance a Najeriya yana caji 1-2% na ƙimar LC, tare da kuɗin gyara idan an canza wani sharaɗi. LCs sun fi dacewa da umarnin sama da $50,000 inda babu ɗayan ya kafa amincewa.

Kuɗi don LC na $25,000:

1. Kuɗin bayarwa: $250-500 (1-2%)
2. Kuɗin gyara (idan an buƙata): $50-100 kowane
3. Cajin SWIFT: $50-100
4. Kuɗin tabbatarwa (idan bankin mai samarwa yana buƙata): 0.5-1% = $125-250
5. Jimilla: $475-950

#### Zaɓi C: Dandali na Biyan Dijital (CrossPay)

Dandali na dijital kamar CrossPay yana sauƙaƙa tsarin ta cire bankuna na tsakani da kuma ba da farashin canji bayyananne, mai gasa.

Yadda yake aiki ga TechHub:

1. TechHub yana shiga CrossPay, yana shigar da bayanan bankin Sinanci na mai samarwa (sunan banki, lambar asusu, lambar SWIFT/CNAPS)
2. CrossPay tana nuna ainihin adadin CNY da mai samarwa zai karɓa, farashin canji, da duk kuɗaɗe — a gaba, babu cajin ɓoye
3. TechHub yana biya a naira ta canja wurin banki ko kati
4. CrossPay tana sarrafa canjin FX kuma tana tafiyar da biyan zuwa bankin mai samarwa a China
5. Mai samarwa yana karɓar cikakken biya a CNY a cikin kwana 1-2 na aiki
6. TechHub yana karɓar tabbatar da biya tare da lambar reference don daidaitawa

Kwatance na kuɗi don ajiyar $7,500 iri ɗaya:

1. Kuɗin dandali: bayyanannu, an nuna kafin biya
2. Farashin canji: farashi mai gasa, babu ƙarin ɓoye
3. Cajin tsakani: babu (mai samarwa yana karɓar cikakken adadin da aka cawo)
4. Jimillar kuɗin tasiri: ƙasa sosai fiye da wayar banki ta gargajiya

Ƙididdige ainihin kuɗin biyan ka na gaba na China

Tebur Kwatance na Hanyar Biya

Biyan Batch: Biyan Masu Samarwa Da Yawa Lokaci Ɗaya

Masu shigo da kayan Najeriya ba kasafai suke yin aiki da mai samarwa ɗaya kawai ba. Mai shigo da kaya na matsakaici na iya samar daga masu samarwa 5-15 a faɗin China, India, Turkey, da sauran ƙasashen Afirka. Biyan kowannensu daban yana ɗaukar lokaci kuma yana da kura-kurai.

Yadda Biyan Batch Ke Aiki a CrossPay

Fasalin biyan batch na CrossPay yana ba ka damar loda fayil ɗin CSV ɗaya wanda ya ƙunshi duk bayanan biyanka kuma ka sarrafa duka a aiki ɗaya.

Misali: Biyan masu samarwa na wata na TechHub

TechHub yana buƙatar biyan masu samarwa 8 wannan wata:

Tsarin batch:

1. Sauke takamaiman CSV na CrossPay
2. Cika bayanan mai samarwa: suna, asusun banki, kuɗi, adadi, reference (lambar rasid)
3. Loda CSV zuwa CrossPay
4. CrossPay tana tabbatar da kowane jeri: tana duba bayanan banki, tana tabbatar adadin sun cikin iyaka, tana yi wa kowace kura-kurai alama
5. Bita taƙaitaccen batch: jimillar kuɗin naira, rabewa kowace turanwa, farashin canji ga kowace kuɗi
6. Yarda da sarrafa duk biya 8 a danna ɗaya
7. Bibiya kowane biya daban-daban a dashboard ɗinka
8. Sauke rahoton batch don ƙungiyar kuɗinka

Ba tare da biyan batch ba, TechHub zai kashe awanni 2-3 yana ƙirƙirar turanwa 8 daban-daban. Tare da batch, dukkan tsarin yana ɗaukar ƙasa da minti 15.

Escrow: Kare Mai Siye da Mai Sayarwa

Don ma'amaloli masu daraja inda ba a kafa cikakken amincewa ba, CrossPay Escrow yana riƙe kuɗaɗe da tsaro har sai bangarori biyu sun tabbatar da yarjejeniyar ta cika.

Yadda Escrow Ke Aiki don Ma'amalolin Shigo

Matsalar da yake magance: Mai shigo da kayan Najeriya yana aika $25,000 zuwa sabon mai samarwa a China yana fuskantar matsala. Idan suka biya gaba, mai samarwa na iya aika kayan da ba su da inganci ko kuma kada su jigila kwata-kwata. Idan mai samarwa ya jigila tukuna, suna fuskantar haɗarin mai siye ba zai biya ba. Babu wani gefen da ke son ɗaukar duk haɗarin.

Tafiyar escrow:

1. Yarjejeniya: Mai siye da mai sayarwa sun yarda akan sharuɗɗa — bayanin kayayyaki, adadi, ƙa'idodin inganci, jadawalin jigila, da lokacin duba
2. Tallafi: Mai siye yana ajiye kuɗaɗe a CrossPay Escrow. Ana sanar da mai samarwa cewa kuɗaɗe an tabbatar da su
3. Jigila: Mai samarwa yana jigila kayayyakin, sanin biya an tabbatar da shi da zarar an cika sharuɗɗa
4. Bincike: Mai siye yana karɓa kuma yana duba kayayyakin. CrossPay yana ba da damar lokacin duba mai daidaitawa (yawanci kwana 3-7)
5. Sakewa: Idan kayayyaki sun cika ƙa'idodin da aka yarda akai, mai siye yana tabbatar da isarwa kuma ana sake kuɗaɗe zuwa mai samarwa
6. Rikici (idan an buƙata): Idan akwai matsala da kayayyaki, mai siye yana tayar da rikici. CrossPay yana sasanta ta amfani da sharuɗɗan da aka yarda da takardun tallafi

Escrow ya dace da:

1. Alaƙar mai samar da farko
2. Umurnin sama da $10,000
3. Kayan da aka yi na musamman (inda mayar da su ba shi da amfani)
4. Ma'amalolin da kayayyaki ke ɗaukar kwana 30+ don jigila

Bin Ƙa'idodi: Abin da Kowane Mai Shigo da Kaya Ya Kamata Ya Sani

Hukumomi da yawa suna aiwatar da ƙa'idodin shigo da kayan Najeriya. Rashin bin ƙa'idodi na iya haifar da jinkirin biya, kayayyakin da aka kama, ko hukunci.

Mahimman Buƙatun Tsari

Babban Bankin Najeriya (CBN):

1. Ana buƙatar Form M don shigo sama da $10,000 (tana aiki na kwana 180)
2. Duk turanwa ta waje dole ta wuce ta hanyar da aka ba ta izini
3. Dole a tallafa wa kuɗin shigo ta takardu masu inganci
4. Masu fitarwa dole su mayar da kuɗin fitarwa cikin kwana 180

Sashen Kwastam na Najeriya (NCS):

1. Ana buƙatar Rahoton Kimar Kafin Isa (PAAR) don duk shigo
2. Biyan harajin kwastam kafin a fitar da kayayyaki
3. Farashin harajin shigo yana bambanta: 5% don albarkatun ƙasa, 10-20% don kayan da aka gama, 35% don motoci
4. Dole a share kayayyaki cikin kwana 30 na isa ko su ja kuɗin demurrage da ajiya

Hukumar Tsarin ƙididdiga ta Najeriya (SON):

1. Ana buƙatar takardar SONCAP don kayan da aka tsara (lantarki, kayan gini, sinadarai)
2. Kimar daidaiton samfur kafin jigila daga ƙasar asali
3. Ana kama kayayyaki marasa daidaito a tashar

Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Ƙasa (NAFDAC):

1. Ana buƙatar lasisin shigo don abinci, magunguna, kayan kwalliya, da na'urorin likita
2. Yi rajista kafin shigo

Jerin Bincike na Takardu ga Masu Shigo da Kaya

Kafin fara kowace biyan kasuwanci ta iyakar ƙasa, tabbatar kana da:

1. [ ] Form M da aka yarda (don shigo sama da $10,000)
2. [ ] Pro-forma invoice daga mai samarwa
3. [ ] Invoice na kasuwanci (na ƙarshe)
4. [ ] Bill of Lading ko Airway Bill
5. [ ] Jerin loda
6. [ ] Takardar Asali
7. [ ] Takardar SONCAP (don kayan da aka tsara)
8. [ ] Takardar inshora (idan sharuɗɗan CIF)
9. [ ] Buga PAAR
10. [ ] Takardar CAC ta kamfani da TIN

Fara Aiki a matsayin Kasuwanci a CrossPay

Saita asusun kasuwanci yana ɗaukar kusan awa 24 daga rajista zuwa biya na farko:

1. Yi rajista: Ƙirƙira asusun CrossPay kuma zaɓi "Kasuwanci" a matsayin nau'in asusu
2. Tabbatar da kasuwanci: Loda Takardar Haɗin Gwiwarka (CAC), Lambar Bayyana Haraji (TIN), Yarjejeniyar Kwamitin da ke ba da izini ga masu sa hannu, da shaidar adireshin kasuwanci
3. Tabbatar da darektan: Aƙalla darekta ɗaya yana kammala KYC na mutum (ID na gwamnati + shaidar adireshi)
4. Yarda da asusu: CrossPay tana bita kuma tana yarda da asusunka na kasuwanci (yawanci a cikin awa 24)
5. Ƙara masu samarwa: Shigar da bayanan bankin masu samarwa naka a matsayin masu karɓa. CrossPay tana tabbatar da kowane asusu
6. Aika biya: Sarrafa turanwa daban-daban ko biyan batch nan take

Don kasuwannin da ke sarrafa fiye da $50,000 a kowane wata, tuntuɓi ƙungiyar kasuwanci ta CrossPay don farashi bisa ƙima.

Kayan Aikin Da Suka Shafi

1. Ƙididdige farashin NGN to CNY don biyan ka na gaba na China
2. Tura kuɗi daga Najeriya zuwa China
3. Zaɓuɓɓukan isar mobile money ga masu samar da Gabashin Afirka